HARQ feedback using carrier aggregation

ABSTRACT

Embodiments provide methods and devices for data transmission and assignment of uplink control channel resources in an uplink FDD carrier, for enabling a terminal device to provide HARQ feedback for data transmitted in the downlink using carrier aggregation of a downlink FDD carrier and at least one TDD carrier. A method includes associating each downlink subframe in the downlink FDD carrier with an uplink control channel subframe in the uplink FDD carrier, associating each downlink subframe and special subframe in the TDD carrier with an uplink control channel subframe in the uplink FDD carrier, assigning uplink control channel resources in the uplink FDD carrier to the terminal device according to the associations, and transmitting data on said downlink FDD carrier and/or TDD carrier, to be received by the terminal device.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.15/079,762, filed on Mar. 24, 2016, which is a continuation ofInternational Application No. PCT/EP2013/070288, filed on Sep. 27, 2013.The aforementioned patent applications are hereby incorporated byreference in their entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

Implementations described herein generally relate to a radio networknode, a method in a radio network node, a recipient and a method in arecipient. In particular is herein described a mechanism for enablinghybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) feedback for data provided byaggregation of a frequency-division duplexing (FDD) carrier and at leastone time-division duplexing (TDD) carrier.

BACKGROUND

A user equipment (UE) device, also known as a recipient, a mobilestation, wireless terminal and/or mobile terminal is enabled tocommunicate wirelessly in a wireless communication system, sometimesalso referred to as a cellular radio system or a wireless communicationnetwork. The communication may be made, e.g., between UEs, between a UEand a wire connected telephone and/or between a UE and a server via aradio access network (RAN) and possibly one or more core networks. Thewireless communication may comprise various communication services suchas voice, messaging, packet data, video, broadcast, etc.

The UE/recipient may further be referred to as mobile telephone,cellular telephone, computer tablet or laptop with wireless capability,etc. The UE in the present context may be, for example, portable,pocket-storable, hand-held, computer-comprised, or vehicle-mountedmobile devices, enabled to communicate voice and/or data, via the radioaccess network, with another entity, such as another UE or a server.

The wireless communication system covers a geographical area which isdivided into cell areas, with each cell area being served by a radionetwork node, or base station, e.g., a radio base station (RBS) or basetransceiver station (BTS), which in some networks may be referred to as“eNB”, “eNodeB”, “NodeB” or “B node”, depending on the technology and/orterminology used.

Sometimes, the expression “cell” may be used for denoting the radionetwork node itself. However, the cell may also in normal terminology beused for the geographical area where radio coverage is provided by theradio network node at a base station site. One radio network node,situated on the base station site, may serve one or several cells. Theradio network nodes may communicate over the air interface operating onradio frequencies with any UE within range of the respective radionetwork node.

In some radio access networks, several radio network nodes may beconnected, e.g., by landlines or microwave, to a radio networkcontroller (RNC), e.g., in Universal Mobile Telecommunications System(UMTS). The RNC, also sometimes termed base station controller (BSC),e.g., in GSM, may supervise and coordinate various activities of theplural radio network nodes connected thereto. GSM is an abbreviation forGlobal System for Mobile Communications (originally: Groupe SpécialMobile).

In 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution(LTE)/LTE-Advanced, radio network nodes, which may be referred to aseNodeBs or eNBs, may be connected to a gateway, e.g., a radio accessgateway, to one or more core networks.

In the present context, the expressions downlink (DL), downstream linkor forward link may be used for the transmission path from the radionetwork node to the UE. The expression uplink (UL), upstream link orreverse link may be used for the transmission path in the oppositedirection, i.e., from the UE to the radio network node.

Furthermore, in order to divide forward and reverse communicationchannels on the same physical communications medium, when communicatingin the wireless communication system, a duplexing method may be appliedsuch as, e.g., frequency-division duplexing (FDD) and/or time-divisionduplexing (TDD). The FDD approach is used over well separated frequencybands in order to avoid interference between uplink and downlinktransmissions. In TDD, uplink and downlink traffic are transmitted inthe same frequency band, but in different time intervals. The uplink anddownlink traffic is thus transmitted separated from each other, in thetime dimension in a TDD transmission, possibly with a Guard Period (GP)in between uplink and downlink transmissions. In order to avoidinterference between uplink and downlink, for radio network nodes and/orUEs in the same area, uplink and downlink transmissions between radionetwork nodes and UEs in different cells may be aligned by means ofsynchronization to a common time reference and use of the sameallocation of resources to uplink and downlink.

The prior art LTE-Advanced system supports carrier aggregation, wherethe communication between the radio network node (eNodeB) and the UE isfacilitated by means of concurrent usage of multiple component carriersin the downlink and/or the uplink. Component carriers may be locatedcontiguously or discontiguously in frequency within a frequency band ormay even be located in different frequency bands. Hence, carrieraggregation improves the spectrum utilization for the network operatorand allows higher data rates to be provided. Although carrieraggregation is defined both for FDD and TDD, UEs in the prior art systemdo not operate on FDD and TDD carriers simultaneously, hence there is nocarrier aggregation utilizing carriers with different duplexing methods.Since network operators may be in possession of both FDD and TDDcarriers, it is however desirable to extend the principle to carrieraggregation of FDD and TDD carriers.

Contemporary wireless systems, such as the 3GPP LTE, utilize packetbased transmissions. Upon reception of a data packet, the UE transmitsHybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) messages to the radio networknode. These messages may for example comprise an acknowledgement (ACK)or a negative ACK (NACK). New packet transmission or packetretransmissions may subsequently be initialized by the transmitting partonce the HARQ feedback is obtained. HARQ feedback signalling willrequire uplink transmission resources and it is essential to minimizethe amount of time-frequency resources to be allocated for HARQ feedbacksince unused uplink resources may be utilized e.g. for transmitting userdata instead. A further problem is to assign a set of uplink resourcesassuring that there are no uplink resource conflicts, i.e., eachrecipient/UE must be assigned a set of unique uplink resources for HARQ.

HARQ feedback is sent in the UL in response to a Physical DownlinkShared Channel (PDSCH) scheduled by a Physical Downlink Control Channel(PDCCH)/Enhanced-PDCCH (EPDCCH), a semi-persistently scheduled (SPS)PDSCH or a PDCCH/EPDCCH indicating SPS release. Three feedback statesmay be used; ACK, NACK and Discontinuous Transmission (DTX). SometimesNACK may be merged with DTX to a joint state NACK/DTX. In that case, theradio network node cannot discriminate between the NACK and DTX andwould, if there was a scheduled PDSCH, need to perform a retransmission.This also precludes using incremental redundancy for the retransmission.DTX refers to discontinuous transmission, which happens if the UE didnot receive any PDSCH, e.g., if it missed receiving a transmittedPDCCH/EPDCCH, or if there was no transmitted PDCCH/EPDCCH or PDSCH.

Thus, when applying FDD, the same numbers of uplink and downlinksubframes are available during a radio frame, why HARQ feedback may beprovided in an uplink subframe for each received downlink subframe andvice versa. In other words, every downlink subframe can be associated toa specific later uplink subframe for feedback generation in way thatthis association is one-to-one, i.e., to each uplink subframe isassociated exactly one downlink subframe. However, in TDD the number ofuplink and downlink subframes may be different in some configurations,for example comprising more downlinks subframes than uplink subframes,as illustrated in FIG. 1A.

Generally, one HARQ message is associated with each downlink subframe inTDD, since a data packet (e.g., transport block in LTE) is transmittedin one subframe. This implies that HARQ messages from multiple downlinksubframes may need to be transmitted in a single uplink subframe, whichrequires allocation of multiple unique uplink resources for HARQ. Insuch scenario, comprising, e.g., four downlink subframes for each uplinksubframe, the receiver has to provide HARQ feedback for all the fourdownlink subframes in one single uplink subframe, as illustrated in FIG.1B. When doing so, the HARQ feedback may occupy a significant amount ofthe uplink communication resources. Hence, in particular for TDD, wherean uplink subframe may comprise HARQ messages for many users and frommultiple subframes, it is essential that the network nodes can make anefficient uplink resource assignment. This becomes particularlyimportant when there are fewer uplink subframes than downlink subframesin a radio frame, since the amount of reserved uplink control channelresources impacts the available resources for data transmission.

In some access technologies such as, e.g., LTE-Advanced, carrieraggregation may be performed by receiving/transmitting on a set ofserving cells, wherein a serving cell comprises at least a DL componentcarrier and possibly an UL component carrier. Here, the notion of cellmay not refer to a geometrical area, rather it is should be regarded aslogical concept. A UE is always configured with a primary serving cell(PCell) and additionally also with secondary serving cells (SCells). ThePhysical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) is always transmitted on thePCell.

Concerning carrier aggregation, one major issue concerns the uplinkfeedback. For downlink carrier aggregation, the UE will provide HARQfeedback in the PUCCH transmitted on the primary cell, including ACK andNACK messages corresponding to the received transport blocks in thedownlink. For spatial multiplexing techniques, up to two transportblocks may be transmitted in a downlink subframe on a component carrier.For FDD, each downlink subframe can be associated with one unique uplinksubframe, wherein the PUCCH is transmitted. For TDD, the number ofdownlink subframes may be larger than the number of uplink subframes,thus several downlink subframes may be associated with one unique uplinksubframe. Hence, an uplink subframe may need to carry HARQ informationcorresponding to multiple downlink subframes in the PUCCH in TDD.

It is thus a problem to allocate uplink transmit resources for HARQfeedback in carrier aggregation of TDD and FDD, such that resources areunique for different subframes while minimizing the uplink resourceoverhead.

Several PUCCH signalling formats exist which may carry HARQ feedback inLTE-Advanced. One type of PUCCH format utilizes Quadrature Phase-ShiftKeying (QPSK) or Binary Phase-Shift Keying (BPSK) modulated sequencessuch as i.e., format 1a/1b. When extended with selection from multiple(up to four) sequences (i.e., format 1b with channel selection), fourHARQ-ACK bits may be conveyed. These formats are used both with andwithout carrier aggregation and are able to provide HARQ feedback for upto two component carriers, which is the most practical case in realityconsidering the UE complexity. Another type of PUCCH format is DFTspread OFDM (i.e., format 3) which is capable of carrying more HARQfeedback (e.g., 20 HARQ-ACK bits). The UE is configured by the radionetwork node whether it may use PUCCH format 3 or the PUCCH format 1bbased schemes. However, PUCCH format 3 may not be needed if only twocomponent carriers are aggregated.

For TDD, the frame structure comprises, in addition to normal subframes,special subframes which contain a first part for downlink transmissions;Downlink Pilot Time Slot (DwPTS), a second part for Guard Period (GP)and last part for uplink transmissions; Uplink Pilot Time Slot (UpPTS),see FIG. 1C. The duration of the different parts may vary and may beconfigurable by the system.

A downlink subframe is illustrated in FIG. 1D and an uplink subframe isillustrated FIG. 1E.

Thus, for TDD, M=1, 2, 3 or 4 downlink subframes may be associated withan uplink subframe. For aggregating two component carriers with spatialmultiplexing on each carrier, there may thus be up to 4*2*2=16 HARQ-ACKbits in one subframe, which cannot be accommodated using PUCCH format 1bwith channel selection. Therefore, various forms of HARQ informationcompression techniques are utilized to reduce the number of HARQ-ACKbits. For example, a logical AND operation among HARQ-ACK bits may beperformed either among transport blocks (spatial bundling) in asubframe, across subframes (time-domain bundling) or across componentcarriers. A drawback is that a bundled NACK implies that aretransmission has to be performed for all transport blocks in thebundle. The consequence would therefore be lower throughput and lessspectral efficiency. Bundling is predominately a problem for TDD, sincefor FDD, at most four HARQ-ACK bits need to be accommodated (assumingtwo component carriers with spatial multiplexing), which can be handledwith format 1b with channel selection without bundling.

For TDD, a component carrier is configured with one out of seven UL-DLconfigurations, defining the transmission direction of the subframes inthe radio frame. A radio frame comprises downlink subframes, uplinksubframes and special subframes. The special subframes contain one partfor downlink transmission, a guard period and one part for uplinktransmission. The number of downlink subframes, M, for which an uplinksubframe may transmit HARQ feedback is dependent on the TDD UL-DLconfiguration as well as the index of the specific uplink subframe. Inpractice, the same UL-DL configuration has to be used in neighboringcells in order to avoid UE-to-UE and eNodeB-to-eNodeB interference. Thusit is not straightforward to reconfigure the UL-DL configuration, e.g.,in order to adapt to the traffic load. However, LTE-Advanced also allowsthe possibility to dynamically change the direction of a subframe. Thismay be denoted as a flexible subframe. For example, an indication may begiven to UEs that are capable of such dynamic subframe direction change,to utilize a subframe for downlink transmission even though it is anuplink subframe according to the cell-specific UL-DL configuration. Ifan uplink subframe has been used as a flexible subframe for downlinktransmission, there is no associated uplink subframe for thecorresponding HARQ information according to the cell-specific UL-DLconfiguration and such UEs may follow a different HARQ timing (e.g.,that of another reference TDD UL-DL configuration) than that of thegiven UL-DL configuration.

The PDCCH/EPDCCH comprise the Downlink Control Information (DCI) relatedto the PDSCH transmission. This comprises, e.g., HARQ process number (3bits for FDD and 4 bits for TDD). For TDD there is also a DownlinkAssignment Index (DAI) of 2 bits. For DCI containing downlinkassignments, the DAI works as an incremental counter denoting theaccumulative number of PDCCHs/EPDCCHs with assigned PDSCHtransmission(s) and PDCCH/EPDCCH indicating SPS release, up to thepresent subframe of the bundling window. For DCI containing uplinkgrants, the DAI indicates the total number of subframes with PDSCH(s)and PDCCHs/EPDCCHs indicating SPS release that were transmitted duringthe bundling window of M downlink subframes. With the DAI information,the UE may be able to detect whether it has missed receiving any PDSCHor PDCCH/EPDCCH (except the last one) and if it may correspondinglytransmit a bundled ACK or NACK.

PUCCH format 1b with channel selection assumes that a set of channels(i.e., sequences, or PUCCH resources) are reserved for the UE and as away of encoding the HARQ message, it selects one of the channels, whichis then modulated with a QPSK symbol. With up to four channels reserved,at most four HARQ-ACK bits (i.e., 16 unique states of HARQ information)can be provided. The PUCCH resource reservation can be performedimplicitly by a mapping from the time-frequency resources occupied bythe PDCCH/EPDCCH to the PUCCH resources. Implicit resource reservationis used when the PDCCH/EPDCCH is located on the PCell, either schedulingthe PDSCH on the PCell or on the SCell by so called cross-carrierscheduling. Explicit resource reservation is utilised if thePDCCH/EPDCCH is located on the SCell or for SPS transmission of PDSCH onthe PCell, for which there is no PDCCH/EPDCCH. For explicit resourcereservation, two bits in the PDCCH/EPDCCH indicate one or twohigher-layer configured resources which may be reserved. These two bitsare obtained by reusing the two bits of the Transmit Power Control (TPC)field related to the PUCCH. Consequently, TPC commands cannot besignaled in the DCI when the PDCCH/EPDCCH is transmitted on the SCell.

For TDD, with a capability of transmitting only four HARQ-ACK bits(i.e., 16 HARQ states), it is not possible to represent all combinationsof ACK, NACK and DTX states for two component carriers when M>1.Therefore, spatial bundling is used when M>1. However, when M>2, spatialbundling is not sufficient and a form of time-domain bundling is alsoperformed and separate tables are given for M=3 and M=4. The time-domainbundling in this case corresponds to prioritizing HARQ statesrepresenting subframes having consecutive ACKs and associating suchstates with unique channel and modulation combinations.

In the uplink, the UE is also able to send a Scheduling Request (SR)when it has uplink data to transmit. The SR may be provided on ahigher-layer configured channel (i.e., sequence or PUCCH resource). Atmost two bits may be conveyed on the SR resource, assuming QPSKmodulation. If the UE is supposed to transmit HARQ information togetherwith the SR, channel selection cannot be performed and the HARQ-ACK bitsare bundled such that at most 2 bundled bits remain. This amounts toselecting only a modulation symbol (i.e., QPSK symbol representing thetwo bits) and transmitting it on the allocated SR resource. For FDD,this is facilitated by spatial bundling. Moreover, the spatial bundlingis always performed such that only one HARQ-ACK bit is transmitted perserving cell, even though two non-bundled HARQ-ACK bits could betransmitted. That is, even if there is no transmission on the SCell(PCell), spatial bundling is performed on the HARQ-ACK bits on the PCell(SCell). This is to avoid the case where the radio network node hasperformed a transmission (and is thus expecting bundled HARQinformation) while the UE missed the transmission. For TDD, the bundlingcomprises feeding back the number of ACKs among all the transportblocks, subframes and component carriers. However, this bundling mappingis not unique since ten such states are associated with only two bundledHARQ-ACK bits. Therefore, the radio network node may not easily be ableto determine which transmissions that were received correctly and theprobability for retransmission of all transport blocks isnon-negligible.

In order to minimize the complexity in the UE, it would be beneficial tosupport downlink carrier aggregation of one FDD carrier and one TDDcarrier utilizing HARQ feedback by format 1b with channel selection.Current HARQ feedback with PUCCH format 1b with channel selection forTDD involves significant HARQ bundling which should be avoided andespecially to avoid introducing bundling for the FDD carrier in a jointfeedback method.

It is a problem to define a method for simultaneous joint HARQ feedbackfor an FDD carrier and a TDD carrier.

It is a further problem to reduce the amount of bundling when aScheduling Request (SR) is transmitted with HARQ information. Hence, itis a general problem to assure that there is a reasonable trade-offbetween control channel overhead and performance.

SUMMARY

It is therefore an object to obviate at least some of theabove-mentioned disadvantages and to improve the performance in awireless communication system.

This and other objects are achieved by the features of the appendedindependent claims. Further implementation forms are apparent from thedependent claims, the description and the figures.

According to a first aspect, a method is provided in a radio networknode, for data transmission and assignment of uplink control channelresources in an uplink Frequency-Division Duplexing (FDD) carrier, forenabling a recipient to provide Hybrid Automatic Repeat request (HARQ)feedback for data transmitted in the downlink using carrier aggregationof a downlink FDD carrier and at least one Time-Division Duplexing (TDD)carrier, wherein the method comprises associating each downlink subframein the downlink FDD carrier with an uplink control channel subframe inthe uplink FDD carrier. The method also comprises associating eachdownlink subframe and special subframe in the TDD carrier with an uplinkcontrol channel subframe in the uplink FDD carrier. In addition, themethod furthermore comprises assigning uplink control channel resourcesin the uplink FDD carrier to the recipient, according to the madeassociations. Furthermore the method also comprises transmitting data onsaid downlink FDD carrier and/or TDD carrier, to be received by therecipient.

In a first possible implementation of the method according to the firstaspect, each downlink subframe and special subframe in the TDD carrieris associated with an uplink control channel subframe in the uplink FDDcarrier in a one-to-one manner.

In a second possible implementation of the method according to the firstaspect, each downlink subframe and special subframe in the TDD carrieris associated with an uplink control channel subframe in the uplink FDDcarrier in a many-to-one manner.

In a third possible implementation of the method according to the firstaspect, or any previous possible implementation of the method accordingto the first aspect, the recipient may be enabled to provide HARQfeedback by selection of a sequence and a modulation symbol, orselection of a modulation symbol to form a HARQ message in the uplinksubframe of the uplink FDD carrier.

In a fourth possible implementation of the method according to the firstaspect, or any previous possible implementation of the method accordingto the first aspect, the association mapping from HARQ information tomodulation symbol and/or sequence may be independent of duplexing methodof the carrier.

In a fifth possible implementation of the method according to the firstaspect, or any previous possible implementation of the method accordingto the first aspect, the association of each downlink subframe in thedownlink FDD carrier and the association of each downlink subframe andspecial subframe in the TDD carrier with an uplink control channelsubframe in the uplink FDD carrier may generate at least one uplinksubframe in the uplink FDD carrier comprising only HARQ feedback relatedto the downlink FDD carrier.

In a sixth possible implementation of the method according to the firstaspect, or any previous possible implementation of the method accordingto the first aspect, the HARQ feedback for a downlink subframe n may betransmitted on the uplink control channel subframe in the uplink FDDcarrier number n+an offset value k.

In a seventh possible implementation of the method according to thesixth possible implementation of the method according to the firstaspect, the offset value k may be set to 4.

In an eighth possible implementation of the method according to thefirst aspect, or any previous possible implementation of the methodaccording to the first aspect, the carrier aggregation comprises onedownlink FDD carrier and two TDD carriers, and wherein the total numberof downlink subframes and special subframes of the two TDD carrierstogether does not exceed the total number of uplink subframes in theuplink FDD carrier, per radio frame.

In a ninth possible implementation of the method according to the firstaspect, or any previous possible implementation of the method accordingto the first aspect, the association mapping from HARQ information tomodulation symbol and sequence for the FDD carriers and TDD carrier maybe based on the FDD and/or TDD HARQ-ACK procedures specified in 3rdGeneration Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) Advancedstandard 3GPP TS 36.213, for FDD carriers and/or TDD carriers.

In a tenth possible implementation of the method according to the firstaspect, or any previous possible implementation of the method accordingto the first aspect, HARQ information may be transmitted on a schedulingrequest resource in the uplink of the uplink FDD carrier, and whereinspatial bundling may be performed in uplink subframes which are assignedfor HARQ feedback of both the downlink FDD carrier and the TDD carrier;and spatial bundling may not be performed in uplink subframes which areassigned for HARQ feedback of the downlink FDD carrier.

In an eleventh possible implementation of the method according to thefirst aspect, or any previous possible implementation of the methodaccording to the first aspect, the type of uplink subframe on the uplinkFDD carrier may be determined from a higher layer configured entity orby a downlink control channel.

In a twelfth possible implementation of the method according to thefirst aspect, or any previous possible implementation of the methodaccording to the first aspect, the offset value k for providing HARQfeedback on the uplink subframe on the uplink FDD carrier may bedetermined from a higher layer configured entity or by a downlinkcontrol channel.

In a thirteenth possible implementation of the method according to thefirst aspect, or any previous possible implementation of the methodaccording to the first aspect, any HARQ feedback on the uplink subframeon the uplink FDD carrier may not relate to any spatial subframebundling for the TDD carrier.

In a fourteenth possible implementation of the method according to thefirst aspect, or any previous possible implementation of the methodaccording to the first aspect, wherein the subframe in the TDD carrier,associated with an uplink control channel subframe in the uplink FDDcarrier, may be determined from a higher layer configured entity, or bya downlink control channel.

In a fifteenth possible implementation of the method according to thefirst aspect, or any previous possible implementation of the methodaccording to the first aspect, the Downlink Control Information (DCI) inthe downlink control channel associated with the TDD carrier may notcomprise any Downlink Assignment Index (DAI).

In a sixteenth possible implementation of the method according to thefirst aspect, or any previous possible implementation of the methodaccording to the first aspect, the DCI in the downlink control channelof the TDD carrier may comprise bits with predefined values.

In a seventeenth possible implementation of the method according to thefirst aspect, or any previous possible implementation of the methodaccording to the first aspect, the DCI in the downlink control channelof the TDD carrier may comprise bits dedicated for transmission powercontrol.

In an eighteenth possible implementation of the method according to thefirst aspect, or any previous possible implementation of the methodaccording to the first aspect, HARQ feedback may be received from therecipient, related to the transmitted data, on the uplink controlchannel resource in the uplink FDD carrier assigned to the recipient.

In a nineteenth possible implementation of the method according to thefirst aspect, or any previous possible implementation of the methodaccording to the first aspect, the radio network node may comprise anenhanced NodeB in an LTE system; the recipient may comprise a UserEquipment (UE); the downlink subframe may comprise a Physical DownlinkShared Channel (PDSCH) in the downlink FDD carrier; the downlinksubframe may comprise a Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) in theTDD carrier; the uplink control channel subframe may comprise a PhysicalUplink Control Channel (PUCCH) in the uplink FDD carrier.

In a second aspect, a radio network node is provided for datatransmission and assignment of uplink control channel resources in adownlink FDD carrier, for enabling a recipient to provide HARQ feedbackfor data transmitted in the downlink using carrier aggregation of thedownlink FDD carrier and at least one TDD carrier. The radio networknode comprises a processor, configured for associating each downlinksubframe in the downlink FDD carrier with an uplink control channelsubframe in the uplink FDD carrier; and also configured for associatingeach downlink subframe and special subframe in the TDD carrier with anuplink control channel subframe in the uplink FDD carrier; andfurthermore configured for assigning uplink control channel resources inthe uplink FDD carrier to the recipient, according to the madeassociations. Further, the radio network node comprises a transmitter,configured for transmitting data on said downlink FDD carrier and/or TDDcarrier, to be received by the recipient.

In a first possible implementation of the second aspect, the processormay be further configured for associating each downlink subframe andspecial subframe in the TDD carrier with an uplink control channelsubframe in the uplink FDD carrier in a one-to-one manner.

In a second possible implementation of the second aspect, the processormay be further configured for associating each downlink subframe andspecial subframe in the TDD carrier with an uplink control channelsubframe in the uplink FDD carrier in a many-to-one manner.

In a third possible implementation of the second aspect, or any previouspossible implementation of the second aspect, the radio network nodealso may comprise a receiver, configured for receiving HARQ feedbackfrom the recipient, related to the transmitted data, on the uplinkcontrol channel resource in the uplink FDD carrier assigned to therecipient.

According to a third aspect, a method is provided in a recipient forproviding HARQ feedback for data received in the downlink using carrieraggregation of a downlink FDD carrier and at least one TDD carrier, inan uplink control channel resource in an uplink FDD carrier, whichmethod comprises receiving data on subframes on a downlink data channelof a downlink FDD carrier and/or a downlink subframe on a downlink datachannel of TDD carrier. Also, the method comprises determining whetherthe data has been correctly received, or not. In addition, the methodfurthermore comprises selecting a sequence and a modulation symbol, orselecting a modulation symbol, to form a HARQ message in the uplinksubframe of the uplink FDD carrier, corresponding to an ACK for datadetermined to have been correctly received, a NACK for data determinedto not having been correctly received and/or a DTX, for data not havingbeen received, and transmitting HARQ feedback related to the receiveddata, on the uplink control channel resource in the uplink FDD carrierassigned to the recipient, comprising the selected sequence andmodulation symbol, or the selected modulation symbol in the HARQmessage.

In a first possible implementation of the third aspect, the HARQfeedback is provided by selection of a sequence and a modulation symbol,or selection of a modulation symbol to form a HARQ message in the uplinksubframe of the uplink FDD carrier.

In a second possible implementation of the third aspect, or any previousimplementation of the third aspect, the association mapping from HARQinformation to sequence and modulation symbol may be independent ofduplexing method of the carrier.

In a third possible implementation of the third aspect, or any previousimplementation of the third aspect, the carrier aggregation may compriseone downlink FDD carrier and two TDD carriers, and wherein the totalnumber of downlink subframes and special subframes may not exceed thetotal number of uplink subframes in the uplink FDD carrier, per radioframe.

In a fourth possible implementation of the third aspect, or any previousimplementation of the third aspect, the association mapping from HARQinformation to modulation symbol and sequence for the FDD carriers andTDD carrier may be based on the FDD and/or TDD HARQ-ACK proceduresspecified in 3GPP LTE-Advanced standard 3GPP TS 36.213, for FDD carriersand/or TDD carriers.

In a fifth possible implementation of the third aspect, or any previousimplementation of the third aspect, the HARQ feedback may be transmittedon a scheduling request resource in the uplink of the uplink FDDcarrier, and wherein spatial bundling may be performed in uplinksubframes which are assigned for HARQ feedback of both the downlink FDDcarrier and the TDD carrier; and spatial bundling may not be performedin uplink subframes which are assigned for HARQ feedback of the downlinkFDD carrier.

In a sixth possible implementation of the third aspect, or any previousimplementation of the third aspect, the type of uplink subframe on theuplink FDD carrier may be determined from a higher layer configuredentity or by a downlink control channel.

In a seventh possible implementation of the third aspect, or anyprevious implementation of the third aspect, the radio network node maycomprise an enhanced NodeB in an LTE system; the recipient may comprisea user equipment (UE); the downlink subframe may comprise a PhysicalDownlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) in the downlink FDD carrier; thedownlink subframe may comprise a Physical Downlink Shared Channel(PDSCH) in the TDD carrier; the uplink control channel subframe maycomprise a Physical Uplink Control Channel, PUCCH, in the uplink FDDcarrier.

According to a fourth aspect, a recipient, for providing HARQ feedbackfor data received in the downlink using carrier aggregation of adownlink FDD carrier and at least one TDD carrier, in an uplink controlchannel resource in an uplink FDD carrier is provided. The recipientcomprises a receiver, configured for receiving data on downlinksubframes on a downlink data channel of a FDD carrier and/or on downlinksubframes on a downlink data channel of a TDD carrier. Further, therecipient comprises a processor, configured for determining whether thedata has been correctly received, or not, and also configured forselecting a sequence or a modulation symbol to form a HARQ message inthe uplink subframe of the uplink FDD carrier, corresponding to an ACKfor data determined to have been correctly received, a NACK for datadetermined to not having been correctly received and/or a DTX for datanot having been received. In addition the recipient comprises atransmitter, configured for transmitting HARQ feedback related to thereceived data, on the uplink control channel resource in the uplink FDDcarrier assigned to the recipient, comprising the selected sequence andmodulation symbol, or the selected modulation symbol in the HARQmessage.

Thanks to the herein described aspects, it is possible to provide HARQfeedback on data transmitted by carrier aggregation of signalstransmitted on an FDD carrier and at least one TDD carrier. By providingthe HARQ feedback on the uplink FDD carrier, problems associated withTDD HARQ feedback, such as the frequent use of bundling, large DCIformat, and more frequent transmission of scheduling request togetherwith HARQ feedback, are avoided. Thereby, the amount of bundling may bereduced, leading to that less data has to be re-sent when an error isdetected. Thus an improved performance within a wireless communicationsystem is provided.

Other objects, advantages and novel features of the aspects of theinvention will become apparent from the following detailed description.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For a more complete understanding of the present invention, and theadvantages thereof, reference is now made to the following descriptionstaken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1A is an illustration of TDD subframes according to prior art.

FIG. 1B is an illustration of TDD subframes according to prior art.

FIG. 1C is a block diagram illustrating a TDD radio frame according toprior art.

FIG. 1D is a block diagram illustrating a downlink subframe according toprior art.

FIG. 1E is a block diagram illustrating an uplink subframe according toprior art.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a wireless communication systemaccording to some embodiments.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating radio frames in TDD/FDD accordingto some embodiments.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating radio frames in TDD/FDD accordingto some embodiments.

FIG. 5 is a flow chart illustrating a method in a radio network nodeaccording to an embodiment.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating a radio network node according toan embodiment.

FIG. 7 is a flow chart illustrating a method in a recipient according toan embodiment.

FIG. 8 is a block diagram illustrating a recipient according to anembodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS

Embodiments of the invention described herein are defined as a radionetwork node and a method in a radio network node, a recipient and amethod in the recipient which may be put into practice in theembodiments described below. These embodiments may, however, beexemplified and realized in many different forms and are not to belimited to the examples set forth herein; rather, these illustrativeexamples of embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will bethorough and complete.

Still other objects and features may become apparent from the followingdetailed description, considered in conjunction with the accompanyingdrawings. It is to be understood, however, that the drawings aredesigned solely for purposes of illustration and not as a definition ofthe limits of the herein disclosed embodiments, for which reference isto be made to the appended claims. Further, the drawings are notnecessarily drawn to scale and, unless otherwise indicated, they aremerely intended to conceptually illustrate the structures and proceduresdescribed herein.

FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration over a wireless communication system100 comprising a radio network node 110 communicating with a recipient120, which is served by the radio network node 110.

The wireless communication system 100 may at least partly be based onradio access technologies such as, e.g., 3GPP LTE, LTE-Advanced, EvolvedUniversal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN), Universal MobileTelecommunications System (UMTS), Global System for MobileCommunications (originally: Groupe Special Mobile) (GSM)/Enhanced Datarate for GSM Evolution (GSM/EDGE), Wideband Code Division MultipleAccess (WCDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) networks, FrequencyDivision Multiple Access (FDMA) networks, Orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA)networks, Single-Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA) networks, WorldwideInteroperability for Microwave Access (WiMax), or Ultra Mobile Broadband(UMB), High Speed Packet Access (HSPA) Evolved Universal TerrestrialRadio Access (E-UTRA), Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), GSMEDGE Radio Access Network (GERAN), 3GPP2 CDMA technologies, e.g.,CDMA2000 1× RTT and High Rate Packet Data (HRPD), just to mention somefew options. The expressions “wireless communication network”, “wirelesscommunication system” and/or “cellular telecommunication system” maywithin the technological context of this disclosure sometimes beutilized interchangeably.

The wireless communication system 100 may be configured for carrieraggregation of a Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) carrier and at leastone Time Division Duplex (TDD) carrier, according to differentembodiments, in the downlink.

The purpose of the illustration in FIG. 2 is to provide a simplified,general overview of the wireless communication system 100 and theinvolved methods and nodes, such as the radio network node 110 andrecipient 120 herein described, and the functionalities involved. Themethod and wireless communication system 100 will subsequently, as anon-limiting example, be described in a 3GPP LTE/LTE-Advancedenvironment, but the embodiments of the disclosed method and wirelesscommunication system 100 may be based on another access technology suchas, e.g., any of the above already enumerated. Thus, althoughembodiments of the invention may be described based on, and using thelingo of, 3GPP LTE systems, it is by no means limited to 3GPP LTE.

The illustrated wireless communication system 100 comprises the radionetwork node 110, which may send radio signals to be received by therecipient 120.

It is to be noted that the illustrated network setting of one radionetwork node 110 and one recipient 120 in FIG. 2 is to be regarded as anon-limiting example of an embodiment only. The wireless communicationsystem 100 may comprise any other number and/or combination of radionetwork nodes 110 and or recipient 120. A plurality of recipients 120and another configuration of radio network nodes 110 may thus beinvolved in some embodiments of the disclosed invention.

Thus whenever “one” or “a/an” recipient 120 and or radio network node110 is referred to in the present context, a plurality of recipients 120and or radio network nodes 110 may be involved, according to someembodiments.

The radio network node 110 may according to some embodiments beconfigured for downlink transmission and may be referred to,respectively, as e.g., a base station, NodeB, evolved Node Bs (eNB, oreNodeB), base transceiver station, Access Point Base Station, basestation router, Radio Base Station (RBS), micro base station, pico basestation, femto base station, Home eNodeB, sensor, beacon device, relaynode, repeater or any other network node configured for communicationwith the recipient 120 over a wireless interface, depending, e.g., ofthe radio access technology and/or terminology used.

The recipient 120 may correspondingly be represented by, e.g. a UserEquipment (UE), a wireless communication terminal, a mobile cellularphone, a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), a wireless platform, a mobilestation, a tablet computer, a portable communication device, a laptop, acomputer, a wireless terminal acting as a relay, a relay node, a mobilerelay, a Customer Premises Equipment (CPE), a Fixed Wireless Access(FWA) nodes or any other kind of device configured to communicatewirelessly with the radio network node 110, according to differentembodiments and different vocabulary.

Some embodiments of the invention defines a method for providing HARQinformation transmission for carrier aggregation of one FDD carrier andat least one TDD carrier, by selection of (QPSK) modulated sequences toform HARQ messages, where each field in the HARQ message corresponds toone transport block.

Each downlink subframe and special subframe in the TDD carrier may beassociated in a one-to-one manner with an uplink subframe in the FDDcarrier, in which HARQ information transmission for the TDD and the FDDcarrier is supported. However, according to some alternativeembodiments, each downlink subframe and special subframe in the TDDcarrier may be associated in a many-to-one manner with an uplinksubframe in the FDD carrier, in which HARQ information transmission forthe TDD and the FDD carrier is supported.

Further, the association mapping from HARQ information to modulationsymbol and/or sequence may be the same regardless of subframe andduplexing method of a carrier. In addition, the HARQ information istransmitted on the FDD carrier.

The method may be applicable to carrier aggregation of one FDD carrierand one TDD carrier in some embodiments. The method may also beapplicable to carrier aggregation of one FDD carrier and at least twoTDD carriers, where the total number of downlink subframes and specialsubframes of the TDD carriers in a radio frame, does not exceed thetotal number of uplink subframes in the FDD carrier per radio frame.

The method may in some embodiments be applied within LTE-Advanced, whereTable 1, 2 and/or 3 may be used as the association mapping from HARQinformation to modulation symbol and/or sequence for the FDD carrier andthe TDD carrier.

The method may be extended for HARQ transmission on one SchedulingRequest (SR) resource, where the scheduling request is transmitted onthe uplink FDD carrier.

Furthermore, in some embodiments, when transmitting HARQ feedback on thescheduling request resource, spatial bundling may be performed in uplinksubframes which are defined for HARQ feedback of both the downlink FDDcarrier and the TDD carrier, while spatial bundling may not be performedin uplink subframes which are defined for HARQ feedback of the uplinkFDD carrier.

The type of uplink subframe on the uplink FDD carrier may be determinedfrom either a higher layer configured entity, e.g., a TDD UL-DLconfiguration or a bitmap, or by a downlink control channel according todifferent embodiments.

The method where the associated DCI format for the TDD carrier may notutilize a DAI, e.g., where the DAI field is non-existing, may in someembodiments be set to a predefined value or is used for other purposessuch as power control bits.

FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration over radio frames in TDD/FDDaccording to some embodiments. In the illustrated example, two radioframes comprising 10 subframes each for TDD uplink/downlinkconfiguration 1 is depicted. Further, two radio frames comprising 10subframes each for FDD uplink and downlink configurations respectivelyis illustrated.

The upper part shows the HARQ timing of the TDD carrier 200 inLTE-Advanced according to prior art. The middle part and lower partshows an example of the invention and timing where HARQ may betransmitted on an uplink FDD carrier 300 in some embodiments.

The TDD radio frames in the TDD carrier 200 comprises TDD downlinksubframes 210, TDD special subframes 220 and TDD uplink subframes 230.The uplink FDD carrier 300 comprises uplink subframes 310 while thedownlink FDD carrier 350 comprises downlink subframes 360.

The HARQ feedback signalling for TDD has, in comparison to FDD, a numberof issues, such that spatial-, component carrier- and time-domainbundling are frequently used. This is known to reduce the spectralefficiency of the system since unnecessary data retransmissions mayoccur. The reduction is in particular when there is low correlationbetween the channels among the transmissions for which the bundled HARQfeedback is applied. For example, the inter-cell interference andchannel fading may be completely different among subframes or amongcomponent carriers, causing losses for subframe and carrier bundling.Further, the DCI format is larger for TDD. A larger DCI format decreasesthe coverage of the control channel and thereby reduces the feasiblearea over which carrier aggregation between TDD and FDD may be used.Furthermore, for TDD, there are fewer uplink subframes in a radio frame,which increases the probability that a scheduling request will betransmitted in an uplink subframe also carrying HARQ feedback. However,the joint transmission of a scheduling request and HARQ feedback relieson significant amount of HARQ bundling, which degrades performance.

Therefore, in support of joint HARQ feedback for FDD and TDD carrieraggregation, it is desirable to not introduce unnecessary bundling (orlarger DCI sizes) only because one of the carriers uses TDD. Instead, itis realized, in some embodiments that it is preferable to incorporatemore of the FDD HARQ mechanisms, which do not heavily rely on bundling.

In order to avoid bundling HARQ information, it may be beneficial tolimit the value of M to 1 subframe for the both the TDD carrier 200 andthe downlink FDD carrier 350, which would result in at most 2 HARQ bitsper component carrier. One characterizing feature of some embodimentsmay thus be that each downlink subframe 210 or special subframe 220 in aTDD carrier 200 is associated in a one-to-one manner with an uplinksubframe 310 in the uplink FDD carrier 300, which comprises the PUCCH.Such a one-to-one relation may be facilitated by transmitting HARQfeedback on the PUCCH in subframe n+k for a PDSCH (or PDCCH/EPDCCHdenoting SPS release) which was received in subframe n. The offset valuek may be subframe-dependent, i.e., be dependent on n. On the other hand,it may also be fixed, e.g., k=4 which is the value used for FDD in priorart. Hence, this timing may also be applied to a TDD carrier 200 and ispossible if the PUCCH is transmitted on the uplink FDD carrier 300, asthere is always an existing corresponding uplink subframe 310 for anydownlink subframe 360 number n. One advantage of using a one-to-onerelation for determining the uplink subframes may be that the HARQfeedback corresponding to the TDD carrier is distributed over as manysubframes as possible in the uplink FDD carrier. That is, it avoidsconcentrating HARQ feedback of multiple subframes of the TDD carrier toa small number of subframes in the uplink FDD carrier. This isbeneficial as it makes the PUCCH load more even among subframes andprovides robustness against bursty channel impairments such as fadingdips and severe temporal interference variations.

In one possible embodiment, the one-to-one mapping may be obtained bypredefined values of k. The predefined values may be dependent on, e.g.,a subframe index, a TDD UL-DL configuration and the number of aggregatedcarriers. In another embodiment, the one-to-one mapping may be obtainedby higher layer configuration.

However, it is to be noted that each downlink subframe 210 or specialsubframe 220 in the TDD carrier 200 alternatively may be associated in amany-to-one manner with an uplink subframe 310 in the uplink FDD carrier300, which comprises the PUCCH. Thus a plurality of TDD downlinksubframes 210 and/or special subframes 220 may be associated with oneuplink subframe 310 in the uplink FDD carrier 300, in some alternativeembodiments.

FIG. 3 further shows an example of two TDD radio frames using UL-DLconfiguration 1 and the upper arrows denote the HARQ timing of the TDDcarrier 200 of prior art LTE-Advanced. In the middle part, an example ofan embodiment is illustrated where each downlink subframe 210 and/orspecial subframe 220 in the TDD carrier 200 is associated with an uplinksubframe 310 in the uplink FDD carrier 300 with the same HARQ timing asfor the downlink FDD carrier 350 in a one-to-one mapping. However, otherone-to-one mappings and/or many-to-one mappings may also be possible indifferent embodiments. In the lower part, the HARQ timing for thedownlink FDD carrier 350 is illustrated.

It may be noted from FIG. 3 that there may exist some uplink subframes310 in the uplink FDD carrier 300 which only may contain HARQ feedbackfrom the downlink FDD carrier 350, i.e., only one of the aggregatedcarriers. This is in contrast to prior art carrier aggregation of FDDcarriers, where all uplink subframes in an FDD carrier can containfeedback for both FDD carriers.

Tables 1, 2 and 3 show the mapping in FDD of HARQ states to channels(PUCCH resources) and bit values of the QPSK symbols, for two, three andfour HARQ fields, respectively. Table 1 applies for aggregating twocomponent carriers, each comprising one transport block. Table 2 appliesfor aggregating two component carriers, where one component carriercomprises two transport blocks and one component carrier comprises onetransport block. Table 3 applies for aggregating two component carriers,each comprising two transport blocks. Tables 1, 2 and 3 are constructedto exhibit several properties; there is no HARQ bundling (i.e., eachHARQ-ACK field is associated with one transport block), implicitresource reservation is supported (i.e., implicit resources are notassociated with HARQ states in DTX), and when there is only a PDSCHscheduled on the PCell (i.e., SCell is in DTX), channel selection isdisabled (only one channel is used, i.e., n_(PUCCH,0) ⁽¹⁾) and thesignalling reduces to PUCCH format 1b.

TABLE 1 HARQ-ACK(0) HARQ-ACK(1) n_(PUCCH) ⁽¹⁾ b(0)b(1) ACK ACKn_(PUCCH,1) ⁽¹⁾ 1,1 ACK NACK/DTX n_(PUCCH,0) ⁽¹⁾ 1,1 NACK/DTX ACKn_(PUCCH,1) ⁽¹⁾ 0,0 NACK NACK/DTX n_(PUCCH,0) ⁽¹⁾ 0,0 DTX NACK/DTX NoTransmission

Table 1 illustrates encodings for transmission of HARQ messages usingtwo channels.

TABLE 2 HARQ- HARQ- HARQ- ACK(0) ACK(1) ACK(2) n_(PUCCH) ⁽¹⁾ b(0)b(1)ACK ACK ACK n_(PUCCH,1) ⁽¹⁾ 1,1 ACK NACK/DTX ACK n_(PUCCH,1) ⁽¹⁾ 1,0NACK/DTX ACK ACK n_(PUCCH,1) ⁽¹⁾ 0,1 NACK/DTX NACK/DTX ACK n_(PUCCH,2)⁽¹⁾ 1,1 ACK ACK NACK/DTX n_(PUCCH,0) ⁽¹⁾ 1,1 ACK NACK/DTX NACK/DTXn_(PUCCH,0) ⁽¹⁾ 1,0 NACK/DTX ACK NACK/DTX n_(PUCCH,0) ⁽¹⁾ 0,1 NACK/DTXNACK/DTX NACK n_(PUCCH,2) ⁽¹⁾ 0,0 NACK NACK/DTX DTX n_(PUCCH,0) ⁽¹⁾ 0,0NACK/DTX NACK DTX n_(PUCCH,0) ⁽¹⁾ 0,0 DTX DTX DTX No Transmission

Table 2 illustrates encodings for transmission of HARQ messages usingthree channels.

TABLE 3 HARQ- HARQ- HARQ- HARQ- ACK(0) ACK(1) ACK(2) ACK(3) n_(PUCCH)⁽¹⁾ b(0)b(1) ACK ACK ACK ACK n_(PUCCH,1) ⁽¹⁾ 1,1 ACK NACK/DTX ACK ACKn_(PUCCH,2) ⁽¹⁾ 0,1 NACK/ ACK ACK ACK n_(PUCCH,1) ⁽¹⁾ 0,1 DTX NACK/NACK/DTX ACK ACK n_(PUCCH,3) ⁽¹⁾ 1,1 DTX ACK ACK ACK NACK/DTXn_(PUCCH,1) ⁽¹⁾ 1,0 ACK NACK/DTX ACK NACK/DTX n_(PUCCH,2) ⁽¹⁾ 0,0 NACK/ACK ACK NACK/DTX n_(PUCCH,1) ⁽¹⁾ 0,0 DTX NACK/ NACK/DTX ACK NACK/DTXn_(PUCCH,3) ⁽¹⁾ 1,0 DTX ACK ACK NACK/DTX ACK n_(PUCCH,2) ⁽¹⁾ 1,1 ACKNACK/DTX NACK/DTX ACK n_(PUCCH,2) ⁽¹⁾ 1,0 NACK/ ACK NACK/DTX ACKn_(PUCCH,3) ⁽¹⁾ 0,1 DTX NACK/ NACK/DTX NACK/DTX ACK n_(PUCCH,3) ⁽¹⁾ 0,0DTX ACK ACK NACK/DTX NACK/DTX n_(PUCCH,0) ⁽¹⁾ 1,1 ACK NACK/DTX NACK/DTXNACK/DTX n_(PUCCH,0) ⁽¹⁾ 1,0 NACK/ ACK NACK/DTX NACK/DTX n_(PUCCH,0) ⁽¹⁾0,1 DTX NACK/ NACK NACK/DTX NACK/DTX n_(PUCCH,0) ⁽¹⁾ 0,0 DTX NACKNACK/DTX NACK/DTX NACK/DTX n_(PUCCH,0) ⁽¹⁾ 0,0 DTX DTX NACK/DTX NACK/DTXNo Transmission

Table 3 illustrates encodings for transmission of HARQ messages usingfour channels.

An advantage of some embodiments herein is that, if Tables 1, 2 and 3are used for subframes where only HARQ-ACK for the FDD carrier should betransmitted, this situation equals that the HARQ fields for the TDDcarrier 200 may be (DTX, DTX) for such uplink subframes. Inspection ofTables 1, 2 and 3 gives that this reduces to using PUCCH format 1b(i.e., the same fallback operation which is defined in the FDD system).Hence, it is an advantage of the method that already implemented HARQfeedback mechanisms in the recipient 120 may be reused for carrieraggregation of FDD and TDD carriers, while guaranteeing same HARQfeedback performance as previously defined.

It may further be realized that other HARQ-ACK mapping tables arefeasible; the above described encodings are just examples. For example,the prior art LTE-Advanced system also comprises similar tables for theTDD system which may be applicable. In particular, there are tablescorresponding to M=1 which do not encompass any form of bundling, whichmay be applicable also for carrier aggregation of FDD and TDD carriers.

Assuming the one-to-one relation, it may be realized in one embodiment,that the usage of HARQ feedback bundling may be eliminated by using theassociation mapping for FDD of HARQ states to sequences and modulationsymbols also for TDD. In one embodiment, Table 1, 2 and 3 may beutilized for HARQ feedback wherein one component carrier uses FDD andone component carrier uses TDD. In one example, the FDD carrier may bethe PCell. In another example, the FDD carrier may be the SCell. Forexample, embodiments of the invention could apply Table 3 and associateHARQ-ACK(0) and HARQ-ACK(1) with the FDD carrier, while associatingHARQ-ACK(2) and HARQ-ACK(3) with the TDD carrier. In another example,the invention according to an embodiment could apply Table 3 andassociate HARQ-ACK(0) and HARQ-ACK(1) with the TDD carrier, whileassociating HARQ-ACK(2) and HARQ-ACK(3) with the FDD carrier. Theskilled reader may produce similar examples from other HARQ mappingtables. Therefore, in one embodiment of the invention, the associationmapping from HARQ information to modulation symbol and/or sequence maybe the same regardless of subframe and duplexing method of a carrier.

However, in other embodiments a many-to-one relation may be establishedbetween downlink subframe(s) 210 and/or special subframe(s) 220 of theTDD carrier 200 to a FDD uplink subframe 310. Thus some HARQ feedbackbundling may be utilized according to those embodiments.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example of two radio frames (10 subframes each)and the HARQ timing for carrier aggregation using TDD UL/DLconfiguration 0 (top) 200, TDD UL-DL configuration 1 (middle) 250 andthe UL/DL FDD carriers 300, 350 (bottom).

It may further be realized that some embodiments may be applicable tocarrier aggregation with one downlink FDD carrier 350 and multiple TDDcarriers 200, 250, for cases where it is possible to link every downlinksubframe 210 and special subframe 220 of the TDD carriers 200 to aunique FDD uplink subframe 310. This is typically feasible if the totalnumber of downlink subframe 210 and special subframe 220 of the TDDcarriers 200, 250 per radio frame does not exceed the number of FDDuplink subframes 310 per radio frame. FIG. 4 illustrates one examplewherein one TDD carrier 200 using TDD UL-DL configuration 0 isaggregated with another TDD carrier 250 using TDD UL-DL configuration 1,together with the downlink FDD carrier 350. This assures that an uplinksubframe 310 will contain HARQ-ACK bits from at most two carriers.Hence, it is possible to utilize e.g. Table 1, 2 and/or 3, i.e.,bundling may be completely avoided. This is in contrast to prior art,where PUCCH format 1b with channel selection only supports aggregationof two component carriers.

A further constraint for supporting carrier aggregation with multipleTDD carriers 200, 250 may be that the HARQ round trip time delay may notdecrease from what currently is in the system. This may put limits onthe combinations of number of carriers and their respective TDD UL-DLconfigurations. For example, it may be required that k>4 for anysubframe 210, 220, 230 of the TDD carriers 200, 250 in some embodiments.

One further aspect of the described method comprises joint transmissionof scheduling request and HARQ feedback. It may be desirable to avoidthe bundling operations (spatial, subframe, component carrier) which isperformed in the prior art LTE-Advanced system for TDD. If there is aone-to-one relation between downlink subframes 210 in the TDD carrier200, 250 to uplink subframes 310 in the uplink FDD carrier 300, it isrealized that there may be at least one uplink subframe 310 in theuplink FDD carrier 300 which may be defined to only comprise HARQinformation from the downlink FDD carrier 350 in some embodiments.However, in other alternative embodiments, there may be a many-to-onerelation between downlink subframes 210 in the TDD carrier 200, 250 touplink subframes 310 in the uplink FDD carrier 300. However, in somesuch embodiments, there may be at least one uplink subframe 310 in theuplink FDD carrier 300 which may be defined to only comprise HARQinformation from the downlink FDD carrier 350.

In the following, two types of uplink subframes 310 on the uplink FDDcarrier 300 are defined. Uplink subframes 310 which are defined for HARQfeedback of both the downlink FDD carrier 350 and the TDD carriers 200,250; and uplink subframes 310 which are defined for HARQ feedback ofonly the downlink FDD carrier 350. This embodiment is illustrated inFIG. 3.

If an uplink subframe is defined for HARQ feedback of only the FDDcarrier, at most two HARQ-ACK bits (assuming transmission of twotransport blocks) need to be signaled together with the schedulingrequest. If an uplink subframe is defined for HARQ feedback of both theFDD and a TDD carrier, potentially up to four HARQ-ACK bits (two bitsper carrier) need to be signaled together with the scheduling request,which is not possible without bundling. In case there are two such kindsof uplink subframes, the uplink subframe type may be required to beknown both by the recipient 120 and by the radio network node 110,according to some embodiments.

In one embodiment, the uplink subframe type may be determined from theTDD UL-DL configuration and the designated HARQ timing for each downlinksubframe 210 and special subframe 220 of the TDD carriers 200, 250.

Furthermore, in some embodiments, the usage of flexible subframes isconsidered. According to those embodiments, the transmission direction,i.e., uplink/downlink may be configurable/reconfigurable in order to,e.g., adapt to the radio traffic demands at the moment. In oneembodiment of the invention, the type of uplink subframe 310 on theuplink FDD carrier 300 may be determined according to a higher layerRadio Resource Control (RRC) signaled entity. This entity may be in theform of a reference TDD UL-DL configuration (e.g., TDD UL-DLconfiguration 2 or TDD UL-DL configuration 5) and the uplink subframetype may be determined from the reference TDD UL-DL configuration andthe designated HARQ timing for each downlink subframe 210 and specialsubframe 220 of the TDD carriers 200, 250. In a further example, the RRCentity may comprise a bitmap where the entries in the bit map indicatewhether an associated subframe on the TDD carrier 200, 250 should belinked in a one-to-one, or many-to-one fashion according to previousembodiments, to an uplink subframe 310 in the uplink FDD carrier 300. Anadvantage of this form of signalling may be that higher layer RRCsignalling is reliable and there would thus not be any ambiguity betweenthe recipient 120 and radio network node 110 concerning the uplinksubframe type.

In another example, a TDD UL-DL configuration may be signaled by adownlink control channel (e.g., PDCCH or EPDCCH), which may be used todetermine the possible direction of a subframe 210, 220, 230 on the TDDcarrier 200, 250 where the uplink subframe type may be determined fromthe reference TDD UL-DL configuration and the designated HARQ timing foreach downlink subframe 210 and special subframe 220 of the TDD carriers200, 250. This information may be indicated directly by a field in theDownlink Control Information (DCI). Such DCI field may relate to one orseveral higher layer configured reference TDD UL-DL configurations orbitmaps. For example, two such bits in the DCI would correspond to fourstates. Each such state could correspond to any of four higher layerconfigured TDD UL-DL configurations or bitmaps. An advantage of thistype of dynamic signalling is that it can further avoid spatial bundlingsince a flexible subframe is only used as a downlink subframe on a needbasis, which would reduce the fraction of time it has to have linkeduplink subframe 310 on the uplink FDD carrier 300 for HARQ transmission,which in turn would require bundling, e.g., for HARQ-ACK feedback on thescheduling request resource.

One embodiment relates to uplink subframes which are defined for HARQfeedback of both the downlink FDD carrier 350 and the TDD carrier 200,250. The method may then comprise spatial bundling within a componentcarrier, when spatial multiplexing is used on the carrier andtransmitting the spatially bundled HARQ-ACK bits on the schedulingrequest resource. This reduces the HARQ message to two bits (one bit perserving cell) and thus any form of subframe- or component carrierbundling is avoided which is an advantage compared to the prior artLTE-Advanced system as HARQ information compression is reduced, leadingto increased system efficiency.

Another embodiment relates to uplink subframes which are defined forHARQ feedback of only the downlink FDD carrier 350. In this case, it isrealized that at most two HARQ-ACK bits may be needed to be fed back(assuming spatial multiplexing). However, in contrast to prior artsystems, there is no need to perform spatial bundling in this case,since a QPSK symbol is capable of carrying two bits. The method maycomprise transmitting the (non-bundled) HARQ-ACK bits on the schedulingrequest resource.

In other embodiments wherein subframes (210, 220, 230) on the TDDcarrier 200, 250 are associated with HARQ feedback on an uplink subframe310 of the uplink FDD carrier 300 in a many-to-one manner, the methodmay comprise transmitting the HARQ-ACK bits on the scheduling requestresource bundled.

Furthermore, assuming the PUCCH is transmitted on the FDD carrier andthat the there is a unique uplink subframe 310 on the uplink FDD carrier300 for each downlink subframe 210 and special subframe 220 of the TDDcarriers 200, 250 (e.g., it could be defined by that the HARQ timing ofthe TDD carrier follows the FDD carrier), Downlink Assignment Index(DAI) bits in the DCI may not be necessary for scheduling data on theTDD carrier 200, 250. This is realized due to that each subframecontaining downlink transmission in the TDD carrier will correspond toone unique subframe in the uplink FDD carrier, in those embodiments. Inone embodiment, DCI formats related to PDSCH transmission on the TDDcarrier 200, 250 may not utilize any DAI bits. The presence of DAI maybe predetermined or configured by the radio network node 110. Hence, itis possible to reduce the DCI size for the TDD carrier, which leads toless signalling overhead within the system and improved reliability ofthe control channel, i.e., larger coverage area over which the carrieraggregation may be performed.

In another example embodiment, the DAI bits are used for other purposes.For example, they may be set to predetermined values in order to act asadditional error detection, i.e., virtual Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC)bits. This would improve the reliability of receiving the PDCCH/EPDCCH.They may also be used for Transmission Power Control (TPC) commands.This may improve the PUCCH power control as TPC commands could be issuedeven from PDCCH/EPDCCH transmitted on SCells, in some embodiments.

Moreover, in FDD the HARQ round trip time is eight subframes, i.e., ittakes eight subframes from a downlink transmission until atransmission/retransmission of the same HARQ process can take place.Therefore, eight HARQ processes are defined for FDD. For TDD, themaximum number of HARQ processes depends on the UL-DL configuration andvaries between 4 and 15. This is due to that in TDD, for the HARQtiming, k>4. It is an advantage if the HARQ round trip time delay couldbe minimized as this leads to shorter response times and less latency ofthe communication system. However, it may be realized that it ispossible to use smaller values of k than what is used for TDD inLTE-Advanced. This may result in that the HARQ round trip time may bereduced, which would allow for using a smaller maximum number of HARQprocesses. In that case, the number of bits in the HARQ process numberin the DCI may be reduced. Similarly, the number of bits may remain butonly some of the bits may be used, e.g., the most significant bit may beset to a predefined value.

According to some embodiments, carrier aggregation is made wherein thecomponent carriers are deployed with different duplexing modes for aHARQ feedback method capable of conveying up to four HARQ-ACK bits.

FIG. 5 is a flow chart illustrating embodiments of a method 500 in aradio network node 110 in a wireless communication system 100. Themethod 500 aims at providing data transmission and assignment of uplinkcontrol channel resources 310 in an uplink FDD carrier 300, for enablinga recipient 120 to provide HARQ feedback for data transmitted in thedownlink using carrier aggregation of a downlink FDD carrier 350 and atleast one TDD carrier 200.

The radio network node 110 may comprise an evolved NodeB (eNodeB). Thewireless communication network 100 may be based on 3rd GenerationPartnership Project Long Term Evolution (3GPP LTE). Further, thewireless communication system 100 may be based on FDD or TDD indifferent embodiments. The recipient 120 may comprise a User Equipment(UE). The downlink subframe 360 may comprise a Physical Downlink SharedChannel (PDSCH) in the downlink FDD carrier 350. The downlink subframe210 may comprise a Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) in the TDDcarrier 200. The uplink control channel subframe 310 may comprise aPhysical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) in the uplink FDD carrier 300.

The recipient 120 is enabled to provide HARQ feedback by selection of asequence and a modulation symbol, or selection of a modulation symbol toform a HARQ message in the uplink subframe 310 of the uplink FDD carrier300. The HARQ feedback for a downlink subframe 210, 360 n may betransmitted on the uplink control channel subframe 310 in the uplink FDDcarrier 300 number n+an offset value k. The offset value k may be set to4, in some embodiments.

Further, the offset value k for providing HARQ feedback on the uplinksubframe 310 on the uplink FDD carrier 300 may be determined from ahigher layer configured entity or by a downlink control channel.

The carrier aggregation may comprise one downlink FDD carrier 350 andtwo TDD carriers 200, 250 in some embodiments, and wherein the totalnumber of downlink subframes 210 and special subframes 220 of the twoTDD carriers 200, 250 together does not exceed the total number ofuplink subframes 310 in the uplink FDD carrier 300, per radio frame.

The type of uplink subframe 310 on the uplink FDD carrier 300 may bedetermined from a higher layer configured entity or by a downlinkcontrol channel.

The Downlink Control Information (DCI) in the downlink control channelassociated with the TDD carrier 200 does not comprise any DownlinkAssignment Index (DAI). The DCI in the downlink control channel of theTDD carrier 200 may comprise bits with predefined values. The DCI in thedownlink control channel of the TDD carrier 200 may in some embodimentscomprise bits dedicated for transmission power control.

To appropriately provide data transmission and assignment of uplinkcontrol channel, the method 500 may comprise a number of actions501-505.

It is however to be noted that any, some or all of the described actions501-505, may be performed in a somewhat different chronological orderthan the enumeration indicates, be performed simultaneously or even beperformed in a completely reversed order according to differentembodiments. Some actions may be performed within some alternativeembodiments such as e.g. action 505. Further, it is to be noted thatsome actions may be performed in a plurality of alternative mannersaccording to different embodiments, and that some such alternativemanners may be performed only within some, but not necessarily allembodiments. The method 500 may comprise the following actions:

Action 501

Each downlink subframe 360 in the downlink FDD carrier 350 is associatedwith an uplink control channel subframe 310 in the uplink FDD carrier300.

The association mapping from HARQ information to modulation symboland/or sequence is independent of duplexing method of the carrier.

The association of each downlink subframe 360 in the downlink FDDcarrier 350 with an uplink control channel subframe 310 in the uplinkFDD carrier 300 in a one-to-one manner may generate at least one uplinksubframe 310 in the uplink FDD carrier 300 comprising only HARQ feedbackrelated to the downlink FDD carrier 350 in some embodiments.

The association mapping from HARQ information to modulation symbol andsequence for the FDD carriers 300, 350 and TDD carrier 200 may be basedon the FDD and/or TDD HARQ-ACK procedures specified in 3GPP LTE-Advancedstandard 3GPP TS 36.213, for FDD carriers 300, 350 and/or TDD carriers200 in some embodiments.

Action 502

Each downlink subframe 210 and special subframe 220 in the TDD carrier200 is associated with an uplink control channel subframe 310 in theuplink FDD carrier 300.

According to some embodiments, each downlink subframe 210 and specialsubframe 220 in the TDD carrier 200 may be associated with an uplinkcontrol channel subframe 310 in the uplink FDD carrier 300 in aone-to-one manner.

However, in some alternative embodiments, each downlink subframe 210 andspecial subframe 220 in the TDD carrier 200 may be associated with anuplink control channel subframe 310 in the uplink FDD carrier 300 in amany-to-one manner.

The association of each downlink subframe 210 and special subframe 220in the TDD carrier 200 with an uplink control channel subframe 310 inthe uplink FDD carrier 300 may generate at least one uplink subframe 310in the uplink FDD carrier 300 comprising only HARQ feedback related tothe downlink FDD carrier 350.

According to some embodiments, any subframe 210, 220, 230 in the TDDcarrier 200 may be associated in a one-to-one manner, or alternatively amany-to-one manner with uplink control channel subframes 310 in theuplink FDD carrier 300, where said subframe 210, 220, 230 in the TDDcarrier may be determined from a higher layer configured entity or by adownlink control channel.

Action 503

Uplink control channel resources 310 in the uplink FDD carrier 300 areassigned to the recipient 120, according to the made associations 501,502.

HARQ information may be transmitted on a scheduling request resource inthe uplink 310 of the uplink FDD carrier 300, and wherein spatialbundling is performed in uplink subframes 310 which are assigned 503 forHARQ feedback of both the downlink FDD carrier 350 and the TDD carrier200; and spatial bundling is not performed in uplink subframes 310 whichare assigned 503 for HARQ feedback of the downlink FDD carrier 350.

HARQ feedback on the uplink subframe 310 on the uplink FDD carrier 300may not relate to any spatial subframe bundling for the TDD carrier 200in some embodiments.

Action 504

Data is transmitted on said downlink FDD carrier 350 and/or TDD carrier200, to be received by the recipient 120.

Action 505

This action may be performed within some, but not all embodiments.

HARQ feedback may be received from the recipient 120, related to thetransmitted 504 data, on the uplink control channel resource 340 in theuplink FDD carrier 300 assigned 503 to the recipient 120.

FIG. 6 illustrates an embodiment of a radio network node 110 comprisedin a wireless communication system 100. The radio network node 110 isconfigured for performing at least some of the previously describedmethod actions 501-505, for providing data transmission and assignmentof uplink control channel resources 310 in an uplink FDD carrier 300,for enabling a recipient 120 to provide HARQ feedback for datatransmitted in the downlink using carrier aggregation of a downlink FDDcarrier 350 and at least one TDD carrier 200.

The radio network node 110 may comprise an evolved NodeB (eNodeB). Thewireless communication network 100 may be based on 3rd GenerationPartnership Project Long Term Evolution (3GPP LTE). Further, thewireless communication system 100 may be based on FDD or TDD indifferent embodiments. The recipient 120 may comprise a User Equipment(UE). The downlink subframe 360 may comprise a Physical Downlink SharedChannel (PDSCH) in the downlink FDD carrier 350. The downlink subframe210 may comprise a Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) in the TDDcarrier 200. The uplink control channel subframe 310 may comprise aPhysical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) in the uplink FDD carrier 300.

The radio network node 110 comprises a processor 620, configured forassociating each downlink subframe 360 in the downlink FDD carrier 350with an uplink control channel subframe 310 in the uplink FDD carrier300; and also configured for associating each downlink subframe 210 andspecial subframe 220 in the TDD carrier 200 with an uplink controlchannel subframe 310 in the uplink FDD carrier 300; and furthermoreconfigured for assigning uplink control channel resources 310 in theuplink FDD carrier 300 to the recipient 120, according to the madeassociations.

The processor 620 may in some embodiments be configured for associatingeach downlink subframe 210 and special subframe 220 in the TDD carrier200 with an uplink control channel subframe 310 in the uplink FDDcarrier 300 in a one-to-one manner.

In some alternative embodiments, the processor 620 may be configured forassociating each downlink subframe 210 and special subframe 220 in theTDD carrier 200 with an uplink control channel subframe 310 in theuplink FDD carrier 300 in a many-to-one manner.

Such processor 620 may comprise one or more instances of a processingcircuit, i.e. a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a processing unit, aprocessing circuit, a processor, an Application Specific IntegratedCircuit (ASIC), a microprocessor, or other processing logic that mayinterpret and execute instructions. The herein utilized expression“processor” may thus represent a processing circuitry comprising aplurality of processing circuits, such as, e.g., any, some or all of theones enumerated above.

However, in some embodiments, the radio network node 110 and/or theprocessor 620 may comprise an association unit, configured forassociating each downlink subframe 360 in the downlink FDD carrier 350with an uplink control channel subframe 310 in the uplink FDD carrier300. Also, the association unit may be configured for associating eachdownlink subframe 210 and special subframe 220 in the TDD carrier 200with an uplink control channel subframe 310 in the uplink FDD carrier300. In addition, in some embodiments, the radio network node 110 and/orthe processor 620 may comprise an assignment unit, configured forassigning uplink control channel resources 310 in the uplink FDD carrier300 to the recipient 120, according to the made associations 501, 502.

Further, the radio network node 110 comprises a transmitter 630,configured for transmitting data on the downlink FDD carrier 350 and/orTDD carrier 200, to be received by the recipient 120. The transmitter630 may be configured for transmitting wireless signals to therecipient/user equipment 120.

Also, the radio network node 110 may comprise a receiver 610, configuredfor receiving HARQ feedback from the recipient 120, related to thetransmitted data, on the uplink control channel resource 310 in theuplink FDD carrier 300 assigned to the recipient 120.

Such receiver 610 in the radio network node 110 may be configured forreceiving wireless signals from the recipient/user equipment 120 or anyother entity configured for wireless communication over a wirelessinterface according to some embodiments.

In addition according to some embodiments, the radio network node 110may in some embodiments also comprise at least one memory 625 in theradio network node 110. The optional memory 625 may comprise a physicaldevice utilized to store data or programs, i.e., sequences ofinstructions, on a temporary or permanent basis. According to someembodiments, the memory 625 may comprise integrated circuits comprisingsilicon-based transistors. Further, the memory 625 may be volatile ornon-volatile.

The actions 501-505 to be performed in the radio network node 110 may beimplemented through the one or more processors 620 in the radio networknode 110 together with computer program product for performing thefunctions of the actions 501-505.

Thus a computer program comprising program code for performing themethod 500 according to any of actions 501-505, for data transmissionand assignment of uplink control channel resources 310 in an uplink FDDcarrier 300, for enabling a recipient 120 to provide HARQ feedback fordata transmitted in the downlink using carrier aggregation of a downlinkFDD carrier 350 and at least one TDD carrier 200, when the computerprogram is loaded into the processor 620 in the radio network node 110.

The computer program product mentioned above may be provided forinstance in the form of a data carrier carrying computer program codefor performing at least some of the actions 501-505 according to someembodiments when being loaded into the processor 620. The data carriermay be, e.g., a hard disk, a CD ROM disc, a memory stick, an opticalstorage device, a magnetic storage device or any other appropriatemedium such as a disk or tape that may hold machine readable data in anon transitory manner. The computer program product may furthermore beprovided as computer program code on a server and downloaded to theradio network node 110, e.g., over an Internet or an intranetconnection.

FIG. 7 is a flow chart illustrating embodiments of a method 700 in arecipient 120 in a wireless communication system 100. The method 700aims at providing HARQ feedback for data received in the downlink usingcarrier aggregation of a downlink Frequency-Division Duplexing (FDD)carrier 350 and at least one Time-Division Duplexing (TDD) carrier 200,in an uplink control channel resource 310 in an uplink FDD carrier 300.

The recipient 120 may comprise a User Equipment (UE). The radio networknode 110 may comprise an evolved NodeB (eNodeB). The wirelesscommunication network 100 may be based on 3rd Generation PartnershipProject Long Term Evolution (3GPP LTE). Further, the wirelesscommunication system 100 may be based on FDD or TDD in differentembodiments. The downlink subframe 360 may comprise a Physical DownlinkShared Channel (PDSCH) in the downlink FDD carrier 350. The downlinksubframe 210 may comprise a Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) inthe TDD carrier 200. The uplink control channel subframe 310 maycomprise a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) in the uplink FDDcarrier 300.

The carrier aggregation may comprise one downlink FDD carrier 350 andtwo TDD carriers 200, 250, and wherein the total number of downlinksubframes 210 and special subframes 220 does not exceed the total numberof uplink subframes 310 in the uplink FDD carrier 300, per radio frame.

To appropriately provide HARQ feedback, the method 700 may comprise anumber of actions 701-704.

It is however to be noted that any, some or all of the described actions701-704, may be performed in a somewhat different chronological orderthan the enumeration indicates, be performed simultaneously or even beperformed in a completely reversed order according to differentembodiments. Further, it is to be noted that some actions may beperformed in a plurality of alternative manners according to differentembodiments, and that some such alternative manners may be performedonly within some, but not necessarily all embodiments. The method 700may comprise the following actions.

Action 701

Data is received on subframes 360 on a downlink data channel of adownlink FDD carrier 350 and/or a downlink subframe 210 on a downlinkdata channel of TDD carrier 200.

Action 702

It is determined whether the data has been received 701 correctly, ornot.

Action 703

A sequence and a modulation symbol, or a modulation symbol, is selectedto form a HARQ message in the uplink subframe 310 of the uplink FDDcarrier 300, corresponding to an acknowledgement (ACK) for datadetermined 702 to have been correctly received 701, anon-acknowledgement (NACK) for data determined 702 to not having beencorrectly received 701 and/or a Discontinuous Transmission (DTX) fordata not having been received 701.

The association mapping from HARQ information to sequence and modulationsymbol may be independent of duplexing method of the carrier.

The association mapping from HARQ information to modulation symbol andsequence for the FDD carriers 300, 350 and TDD carrier 200 may be basedon the FDD and/or TDD HARQ-ACK procedures specified in 3GPP LTE-Advancedstandard 3GPP TS 36.213, for FDD carriers 300, 350 and/or TDD carriers200.

Action 704

HARQ feedback related to the received 701 data is transmitted on theuplink control channel resource 310 in the uplink FDD carrier 300assigned to the recipient 120, comprising the selected 703 sequence andmodulation symbol, or the selected 703 modulation symbol in the HARQmessage.

The HARQ feedback may be provided by selection of a sequence and amodulation symbol, or selection of a modulation symbol to form a HARQmessage in the uplink subframe 310 of the uplink FDD carrier 300.

The HARQ feedback may be transmitted on a scheduling request resource inthe uplink 310 of the uplink FDD carrier 300 in some embodiments.Spatial bundling may be performed in uplink subframes which are assignedfor HARQ feedback of both the downlink FDD carrier 350 and the TDDcarrier 200; spatial bundling may not be performed in uplink subframes310 which are assigned for HARQ feedback of the downlink FDD carrier350.

The type of uplink subframe 310 on the uplink FDD carrier 300 may bedetermined from a higher layer configured entity or by a downlinkcontrol channel in some embodiments.

FIG. 8 illustrates an embodiment of recipient 120 comprised in awireless communication system 100. The recipient 120 is configured forperforming at least some of the previously described method actions701-704, for providing HARQ feedback for data received in the downlinkusing carrier aggregation of a downlink Frequency-Division Duplexing(FDD) carrier 350 and at least one Time-Division Duplexing (TDD) carrier200, in an uplink control channel resource 310 in an uplink FDD carrier300.

The recipient 120 may comprise a User Equipment (UE). The radio networknode 110 may comprise an evolved NodeB (eNodeB). The wirelesscommunication network 100 may be based on 3rd Generation PartnershipProject Long Term Evolution (3GPP LTE). Further, the wirelesscommunication system 100 may be based on FDD or TDD in differentembodiments. The downlink subframe 360 may comprise a Physical DownlinkShared Channel (PDSCH) in the downlink FDD carrier 350. The downlinksubframe 210 may comprise a Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) inthe TDD carrier 200. The uplink control channel subframe 310 maycomprise a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) in the uplink FDDcarrier 300.

The recipient 120 comprises a receiver 810, configured for receivingdata on downlink subframes 360 on a downlink data channel of a FDDcarrier 350 and/or on downlink subframes 210 on a downlink data channelof a TDD carrier 200.

The recipient 120 also comprises a processor 820, configured fordetermining whether the data has been correctly received, or not, andalso configured for selecting a sequence or a modulation symbol to forma HARQ message in the uplink subframe 310 of the uplink FDD carrier 300,corresponding to an acknowledgement (ACK) for data determined to havebeen correctly received, a non-acknowledgement (NACK) for datadetermined to not having been correctly received and/or a DiscontinuousTransmission (DTX) for data not having been received.

Such processor 820 may comprise one or more instances of a processingcircuit, i.e., a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a processing unit, aprocessing circuit, a processor, an Application Specific IntegratedCircuit (ASIC), a microprocessor, or other processing logic that mayinterpret and execute instructions. The herein utilized expression“processor” may thus represent a processing circuitry comprising aplurality of processing circuits, such as, e.g., any, some or all of theones enumerated above.

In some alternative embodiments, the recipient 120 and/or the processor820 may comprise a determining unit, configured for determining whetherthe data has been correctly received, in some embodiments. Further, therecipient 120 and/or the processor 820 may also comprise a selectingunit, configured for selecting a sequence and a modulation symbol, orselecting a modulation symbol, to form a HARQ message in the uplinksubframe 310 of the uplink FDD carrier 300, corresponding to anacknowledgement (ACK) for data determined to have been correctlyreceived, a non-acknowledgement (NACK) for data determined to not havingbeen correctly received and/or a Discontinuous Transmission (DTX) fordata not having been received.

Furthermore, the recipient 120 also comprises a transmitter 830,configured for transmitting HARQ feedback related to the received data,on the uplink control channel resource 310 in the uplink FDD carrier 300assigned to the recipient 120, comprising the selected sequence andmodulation symbol, or the selected modulation symbol in the HARQmessage.

In addition, the recipient 120 in some embodiments also may comprise atleast one memory 825 in the recipient 120. The optional memory 825 maycomprise a physical device utilized to store data or programs, i.e.,sequences of instructions, on a temporary or permanent basis. Accordingto some embodiments, the memory 825 may comprise integrated circuitscomprising silicon-based transistors. Further, the memory 825 may bevolatile or non-volatile.

The actions 701-704 to be performed in the recipient 120 may beimplemented through the one or more processors 820 in the recipient 120together with computer program product for performing the functions ofthe actions 701-704.

Thus a computer program comprising program code for performing themethod 700 according to any of actions 701-704, for providing HARQfeedback for data transmitted in the downlink using carrier aggregationof a downlink FDD carrier 350 and at least one TDD carrier 200, when thecomputer program is loaded into the processor 820 in the recipient 120.

The computer program product mentioned above may be provided forinstance in the form of a data carrier carrying computer program codefor performing at least some of the actions 701-704 according to someembodiments when being loaded into the processor 820. The data carriermay be, e.g., a hard disk, a CD ROM disc, a memory stick, an opticalstorage device, a magnetic storage device or any other appropriatemedium such as a disk or tape that may hold machine readable data in anon transitory manner. The computer program product may furthermore beprovided as computer program code on a server and downloaded to therecipient 120, e.g., over an Internet or an intranet connection.

The terminology used in the description of the embodiments asillustrated in the accompanying drawings is not intended to be limitingof the described methods 500, 700; radio network node 110 and/orrecipient 120. Various changes, substitutions and/or alterations may bemade, without departing from the invention as defined by the appendedclaims.

As used herein, the term “and/or” comprises any and all combinations ofone or more of the associated listed items. In addition, the singularforms “a”, “an” and “the” are to be interpreted as “at least one”, thusalso possibly comprising a plurality of entities of the same kind,unless expressly stated otherwise. It will be further understood thatthe terms “includes”, “comprises”, “including” and/or “comprising”,specifies the presence of stated features, actions, integers, steps,operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude thepresence or addition of one or more other features, actions, integers,steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. A singleunit such as e.g. a processor may fulfill the functions of several itemsrecited in the claims. The mere fact that certain measures are recitedin mutually different dependent claims does not indicate that acombination of these measures cannot be used to advantage. A computerprogram may be stored/distributed on a suitable medium, such as anoptical storage medium or a solid-state medium supplied together with oras part of other hardware, but may also be distributed in other formssuch as via Internet or other wired or wireless communication system.

While this invention has been described with reference to illustrativeembodiments, this description is not intended to be construed in alimiting sense. Various modifications and combinations of theillustrative embodiments, as well as other embodiments of the invention,will be apparent to persons skilled in the art upon reference to thedescription. It is therefore intended that the appended claims encompassany such modifications or embodiments.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method, comprising: receiving, by a terminaldevice, data carried in one or both of: a subframe on a downlink datachannel of a downlink Frequency-Division Duplexing (FDD) carrier, and adownlink subframe on a downlink data channel of a Time-DivisionDuplexing (TDD) carrier; determining, by the terminal device, whetherthe data has been correctly received; selecting, by the terminal device,a sequence and a modulation symbol, or selecting, by the terminaldevice, a modulation symbol, to form a hybrid automatic repeat request(HARQ) feedback indicating whether the data has been correctly received;and transmitting, by the terminal device, the HARQ feedback on ascheduling request resource in an uplink control channel subframe in anuplink FDD carrier; wherein spatial bundling is performed in the uplinkcontrol channel subframe if the uplink control channel subframe isassigned for HARQ feedback of both the subframe on the downlink datachannel of the downlink FDD carrier and the downlink subframe on thedownlink data channel of the TDD carrier, and spatial bundling is notperformed in the uplink control channel subframe if the uplink controlchannel subframe is assigned only for HARQ feedback of the subframe onthe downlink data channel of the downlink FDD carrier.
 2. The methodaccording to claim 1, wherein the HARQ feedback indicates whether thedata has been correctly received by: an acknowledgement (ACK) indicatingthat the data has been correctly received; or a non-acknowledgement(NACK) indicating that the data has not been correctly received.
 3. Themethod according to claim 1, wherein a type of the uplink controlchannel subframe in the uplink FDD carrier for HARQ feedback isdetermined by a higher layer configured entity or by a downlink controlchannel.
 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein each of subframesfor transmitting data in the downlink FDD carrier is associated with oneof a plurality of uplink control channel subframes in the uplink FDDcarrier; and each of downlink subframes for transmitting data and eachof special subframes in the TDD carrier is associated with one of theplurality of uplink control channel subframes in the uplink FDD carrier.5. The method according to claim 4, wherein at least one of theplurality of uplink control channel subframes in the uplink FDD carriercomprises only HARQ feedback related to the subframes for transmittingdata in the downlink FDD carrier.
 6. The method according to claim 1,wherein a HARQ feedback for an n^(th) downlink subframe is transmittedon an (n+k)^(th) uplink control channel subframe in the uplink FDDcarrier, wherein k is an offset value, and n and k are positiveintegers.
 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the offset value kis determined by a higher layer configured entity or by a downlinkcontrol channel.
 8. A device, comprising: a memory storing programinstructions; and a processor coupled to the memory; wherein whenexecuted by the processor, the instructions cause the device to: receivedata carried in one or both of: a subframe on a downlink data channel ofa downlink Frequency-Division Duplexing (FDD) carrier, and a downlinksubframe on a downlink data channel of a Time-Division Duplexing (TDD)carrier; determine whether the data has been correctly received; selecta sequence and a modulation symbol, or select a modulation symbol, toform a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) feedback indicatingwhether the data has been correctly received; and transmit the HARQfeedback on a scheduling request resource in an uplink control channelsubframe in an uplink FDD carrier; wherein spatial bundling is performedin the uplink control channel subframe if the uplink control channelsubframe is assigned for HARQ feedback of both the subframe on thedownlink data channel of the downlink FDD carrier and the downlinksubframe on the downlink data channel of the TDD carrier, and spatialbundling is not performed in the uplink control channel subframe if theuplink control channel subframe is assigned only for HARQ feedback ofthe subframe on the downlink data channel of the downlink FDD carrier.9. The device according to claim 8, wherein the HARQ feedback indicateswhether the data has been correctly received by: an acknowledgement(ACK) indicating that the data has been correctly received; or anon-acknowledgement (NACK) indicating that the data has not beencorrectly received.
 10. The device according to claim 8, wherein each ofsubframes for transmitting data in the downlink FDD carrier isassociated with one of a plurality of uplink control channel subframesin the uplink FDD carrier; and each of downlink subframes fortransmitting data and each of special subframes in the TDD carrier isassociated with one of the plurality of uplink control channel subframesin the uplink FDD carrier.
 11. The device according to claim 10, whereinat least one of the plurality of uplink control channel subframes in theuplink FDD carrier comprises only HARQ feedback related to the subframesfor transmitting data in the downlink FDD carrier.
 12. The deviceaccording to claim 8, wherein a HARQ feedback for an n^(th) downlinksubframe is transmitted on an (n+k)^(th) uplink control channel subframein the uplink FDD carrier, wherein k is an offset value, and n and k arepositive integers.
 13. The device according to claim 12, wherein theoffset value k is determined by a higher layer configured entity or by adownlink control channel.
 14. A non-transitory computer-readable storagemedium, comprising instructions which, when executed by a processor of aterminal device, cause the terminal device to: receive data carried inone or both of: a subframe on a downlink data channel of a downlinkFrequency-Division Duplexing (FDD) carrier, and a downlink subframe on adownlink data channel of a Time-Division Duplexing (TDD) carrier;determine whether the data has been correctly received; select asequence and a modulation symbol, or select a modulation symbol, to forma hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) feedback indicating whether thedata has been correctly received; and transmit the HARQ feedback on ascheduling request resource in an uplink control channel subframe in anuplink FDD carrier; wherein spatial bundling is performed in the uplinkcontrol channel subframe if the uplink control channel subframe isassigned for HARQ feedback of both the subframe on the downlink datachannel of the downlink FDD carrier and the downlink subframe on thedownlink data channel of the TDD carrier, and spatial bundling is notperformed in the uplink control channel subframe if the uplink controlchannel subframe is assigned only for HARQ feedback of the subframe onthe downlink data channel of the downlink FDD carrier.
 15. Thenon-transitory computer-readable storage medium according to claim 14,wherein the HARQ feedback indicates whether the data has been correctlyreceived by: an acknowledgement (ACK) indicating that the data has beencorrectly received; or a non-acknowledgement (NACK) indicating that thedata has not been correctly received.
 16. The non-transitorycomputer-readable storage medium according to claim 14, wherein each ofsubframes for transmitting data in the downlink FDD carrier isassociated with one of a plurality of uplink control channel subframesin the uplink FDD carrier; and each of downlink subframes fortransmitting data and each of special subframes in the TDD carrier isassociated with one of the plurality of uplink control channel subframesin the uplink FDD carrier.
 17. The non-transitory computer-readablestorage medium according to claim 16, wherein at least one of theplurality of uplink control channel subframes in the uplink FDD carriercomprises only HARQ feedback related to the subframes for transmittingdata in the downlink FDD carrier.
 18. The non-transitorycomputer-readable storage medium according to claim 14, wherein a HARQfeedback for an n^(th) downlink subframe is transmitted on an (n+k)^(th)uplink control channel subframe in the uplink FDD carrier, wherein k isan offset value, and n and k are positive integers.
 19. Thenon-transitory computer-readable storage medium according to claim 18,wherein the offset value k is determined by a higher layer configuredentity or by a downlink control channel.